Chapter Review
1.Primal religions are religions that come before the main
religions that we have today. They are practiced by native inhabitants of
countries. All religions stem for a primal religion.
2. The Ancestors gave shape to the landscape and created the
various forms of life. They also gave them their territories to live in,
language rules and customs.
3.The symbols include natural landmarks and rock paintings.
4.Totem- the natural form in which the Ancestor appeared in
the Dreaming
Taboo- dictates that certain things and activities are set-aside
for certain members of the group.
5.The rituals lead to truth about their world. They also are
shown as a form of initiation
6.The came to be after The Dreaming
7. The initiation rituals awaken young people to the
spiritual identity and redefine it
8. Two lower middle teeth are knocked out and buried and the
removal of the foreskin of the penis
9. The western
regions of central Africa
10. Ife is considered the spot where Orishna-nla began to
create the world.
11. They depict reality in two separate worlds, heaven and
earth. Heaven is the invisible home of the gods and ancestors, and earth is the
world of normal experience and the visible home of humans.
12. Olorun is the primary, original source of power in the
universe. All other life forms owe their existence to him. He is distant so he
is only mentioned in prayer.
13. Orishas are lesser deities compared to Olorun. They all
have sacred power and can help or harm human beings
14.Ogun was the first king of Ife and became god of iron and
war. Esu is the mediator between heaven and earth. He is included in the
worship of any other orisha.
15. A mischievous supernatural being that has a role of both
good and evil
16. Family ancestors gained supernatural status by doing
good deeds and worshipped by the family. Deified ancestors are worshipped by
many people.
17. Ritual practitioners mediate between the gods and the
ancestors in heaven and the human beings on earth.
18. Divination- the use of various techniques for gaining
knowledge about an individual’s future or about a cause of a problem. Knowing
one’s future is essential to proceed in life
19. Twenty to thirty
thousand years ago humans came to America by crossing over the Bering Strait
from Asia.
20. The religion of the Plains is a representation of
American Indian religions. The Plains are a vast area of land and was an area
where things were exchanged.
21. Wakan Tanka is the Lakota name for the supreme reality
translated as the Great Spirit or Great Mysterious.
22. Inktomi is the Lakota trickster and mediator between
heaven and earth. Taught first humans their ways and custom
23. Four souls depart. One goes along the spirit path and
becomes a ghost or ancestor. The other souls enter unborn children and reborn
24. A vision quest is a way to seek spiritual power through
an encounter with a guardian spirit or other medium.
25. The sweat lodge is
a dark airtight lodge made of saplings and covered in animal skins to represent
the universe. Heated stones are placed in the middle and water is sprinkled on
them. Sweat lodges lead a person sweat profusely and lead to physical and
spiritual purification.
26. The vision comes
to in the form of an animal or object and has a message
27. In the Blackfeet tribe, a moral woman is chosen to lead
the sun dance.
28. Axis mundi- the center of the world and connects the
world to heaven. In the Sun Dance it is
a tree that is used in the dance
29. They believe that their bodies are the only things that
are truly theirs to offer to the gods.
30. Aztecs were a highly developed civilization with a
population of about fifteen million. They also lived in urban cities
31. Mesoamerica
included the land between Mexico to Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica
32. Quetzalcoatl created the world and the origin of the
cosmos was at the city of Teotihuacan
33. he was a
priest-king and was a role model for
Aztecs authority figures
34. The age of the fifth sun and that the fate was that if
the sun wasn’t nourished the age would end
35. Their world was a correspondence between time and space
it has four quadrants extending outward from the center.
36. The human had two distinct forces the head and the
heart, that are linked together connecting the divine and earthly realms
37. They could communicate with the gods and make offerings
through language providing and alternate sacrifice
38.Cortes was seen as the long-lost priest-king because he
was wearing a feathered helmet.
39. The Aztecs also
had a day set aside to perform rituals to those that had died
40. All encompassing nature of religion, change, and the
boundaries of human and supernatural are thin and easily crossed
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